Gustavus VASSA, 17451797 (aged 52 years)

Name
Gustavus /VASSA/
Given names
Gustavus
Surname
VASSA
Birth
Alias
Olaudah Equiano
Occupation
Explorer ,writer, merchant, abolitionist
Fact
Igbo
Prime Minister of Great Britain
Henry Pelham
from August 27, 1743 to March 16, 1754
Prime Minister of Great Britain
Thomas Pelham-Holles
from March 16, 1754 to November 16, 1756
Prime Minister of Great Britain
William Cavendish
from November 16, 1756 to June 29, 1757
Prime Minister of Great Britain
Thomas Pelham-Holles
from June 29, 1757 to May 26, 1762
Prime Minister of Great Britain
John Stuart
from May 26, 1762 to May 26, 1762
Prime Minister of Great Britain
George Grenville
from May 26, 1762 to July 13, 1765
Prime Minister of Great Britain
Charles Watson-Wentworth
from July 13, 1765 to July 30, 1766
Prime Minister of Great Britain
William Pitt
from July 30, 1766 to October 14, 1768
Prime Minister of Great Britain
Augustus FitzRoy
from October 14, 1768 to January 28, 1770
Prime Minister of Great Britain
Frederick North
from January 28, 1770 to March 27, 1782
Prime Minister of Great Britain
Charles Watson-Wentworth
from March 27, 1782 to July 4, 1782
Prime Minister of Great Britain
William Petty
from July 4, 1782 to April 2, 1783
Prime Minister of Great Britain
William Cavendish-Bentinck
from April 2, 1783 to December 19, 1783
1st President of the United States
George Washington
April 30, 1789
Marriage
Birth of a child
Birth of a daughter
Death of a wife
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
William Pitt the Younger
from December 19, 1783 to March 17, 1801
2nd President of the United States
John Adams
March 4, 1797
Death
Family with Susannah CULLEN
himself
Jacob Olaudah Equiano 2
17451797
Birth: 1745Essaka, Eboe, Benin, Edo State, Nigeria
Occupation: Explorer ,writer, merchant, abolitionist
Death: March 31, 1797Paddington Street, Middlesex, United Kingdom
wife
Susannah Cullen
17621796
Birth: January 17, 1762 Fordham, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
Death: February 21, 1796Soham, Cambridgeshire, England, United Kingdom
Marriage MarriageApril 7, 1792Soham, Cambridge, England
3 years
daughter
Joanna Vassa monument Abney Park 2007
17951857
Birth: February 3, 1795 50 33
Death: July 17, 1857
-18 months
child
Media object
Jacob Olaudah Equiano 2
Jacob Olaudah Equiano 2
Media object
Jacob Olaudah Equiano 1
Jacob Olaudah Equiano 1
Media object
Equiano, Olaudah (1789)
Equiano, Olaudah (1789)
 

Great-grandparents

generation +3 relationship coefficient: 12.5% (Biological great-grandparents)

Gustavus has no great-grandparents recorded.

Grandparents

generation +2 relationship coefficient: 25.0% (Biological grandparents)

Gustavus has no grandparents recorded.

Uncles and Aunts

generation +1 relationship coefficient: 25.0% (Full siblings of biological parents)

Gustavus has no uncles or aunts recorded.

Uncles and Aunts by marriage

generation +1 no blood relationship

Gustavus has no uncles or aunts by marriage recorded.

Parents

generation +1 relationship coefficient: 50.0% (Biological parents)

Gustavus has no parents recorded.

Parents-in-law

generation +1 no blood relationship

Gustavus has 1 father-in-law and 1 mother-in-law recorded (2 in total).

Marriage with Susannah CULLEN  (2)

Marriage James CULLEN + Anne Jones
1 James CULLEN
2 Anne Jones

Co-parents-in-law

same generation no blood relationship

Gustavus has no co-parents-in-law recorded.

Partners

same generation no blood relationship

Gustavus has one female partner recorded.

Partner of Gustavus  (1)

1 Susannah CULLEN 17621796

Partner chains

same generation no blood relationship

Gustavus has no members of a partner chain recorded.

Siblings

same generation relationship coefficient: 50.0% (Full siblings)

Gustavus has no siblings recorded.

Siblings-in-law

same generation no blood relationship

Gustavus has no siblings-in-law recorded.

Co-siblings-in-law

same generation no blood relationship

Gustavus has no co-siblings-in-law recorded.

Cousins

same generation relationship coefficient: 12.5% (Children of full siblings of biological parents)

Gustavus has no first cousins recorded.

Nephews and Nieces

generation -1 relationship coefficient: 25.0% (Children of full siblings)

Gustavus has no nephews or nieces recorded.

Children

generation -1 relationship coefficient: 50.0% (Biological children)

Gustavus has 1 daughter and 1 child of unknown sex recorded (2 in total).

Biological children (2)

Parents Gustavus VASSA + Susannah CULLEN
1 Joanna VASSA 17951857
2 Anna Maria VASSA 17931797

Children-in-law

generation -1 no blood relationship

Gustavus has one son-in-law recorded.

Partners of biological children (1)

Daughter Joanna VASSA
1 Rev. Henry BROMLEY 17971878

Grandchildren

generation -2 relationship coefficient: 25.0% (Biological grandchildren)

Gustavus has no grandchildren recorded.

Grandchildren-in-law

generation -2 no blood relationship

Gustavus has no grandchildren-in-law recorded.

Summary for the shown extended family

The extended family of Gustavus has 7 members (including Gustavus). (additional members of the partner chains are not counted)

Great-grandparents

generation +3 relationship coefficient: 12.5% (Biological great-grandparents)

Gustavus has no great-grandparents recorded.

Grandparents

generation +2 relationship coefficient: 25.0% (Biological grandparents)

Gustavus has no grandparents recorded.

Uncles and Aunts

generation +1 relationship coefficient: 25.0% (Full siblings of biological parents)

Gustavus has no uncles or aunts recorded.

Uncles and Aunts by marriage

generation +1 no blood relationship

Gustavus has no uncles or aunts by marriage recorded.

Parents

generation +1 relationship coefficient: 50.0% (Biological parents)

Gustavus has no parents recorded.

Parents-in-law

generation +1 no blood relationship

Gustavus has one father-in-law recorded.

Marriage with Susannah CULLEN  (1)

Marriage James CULLEN + Anne Jones
1 James CULLEN

Co-parents-in-law

same generation no blood relationship

Gustavus has no co-parents-in-law recorded.

Partners

same generation no blood relationship

Gustavus has no partners recorded.

Partner chains

same generation no blood relationship

Gustavus has no members of a partner chain recorded.

Siblings

same generation relationship coefficient: 50.0% (Full siblings)

Gustavus has no siblings recorded.

Siblings-in-law

same generation no blood relationship

Gustavus has no siblings-in-law recorded.

Co-siblings-in-law

same generation no blood relationship

Gustavus has no co-siblings-in-law recorded.

Cousins

same generation relationship coefficient: 12.5% (Children of full siblings of biological parents)

Gustavus has no first cousins recorded.

Nephews and Nieces

generation -1 relationship coefficient: 25.0% (Children of full siblings)

Gustavus has no nephews or nieces recorded.

Children

generation -1 relationship coefficient: 50.0% (Biological children)

Gustavus has no children recorded.

Children-in-law

generation -1 no blood relationship

Gustavus has one son-in-law recorded.

Partners of biological children (1)

Daughter Joanna VASSA
1 Rev. Henry BROMLEY 17971878

Grandchildren

generation -2 relationship coefficient: 25.0% (Biological grandchildren)

Gustavus has no grandchildren recorded.

Grandchildren-in-law

generation -2 no blood relationship

Gustavus has no grandchildren-in-law recorded.

Summary for the shown extended family

The extended family of Gustavus has 3 members (including Gustavus). (additional members of the partner chains are not counted)

Great-grandparents

generation +3 relationship coefficient: 12.5% (Biological great-grandparents)

Gustavus has no great-grandparents recorded.

Grandparents

generation +2 relationship coefficient: 25.0% (Biological grandparents)

Gustavus has no grandparents recorded.

Uncles and Aunts

generation +1 relationship coefficient: 25.0% (Full siblings of biological parents)

Gustavus has no uncles or aunts recorded.

Uncles and Aunts by marriage

generation +1 no blood relationship

Gustavus has no uncles or aunts by marriage recorded.

Parents

generation +1 relationship coefficient: 50.0% (Biological parents)

Gustavus has no parents recorded.

Parents-in-law

generation +1 no blood relationship

Gustavus has one mother-in-law recorded.

Marriage with Susannah CULLEN  (1)

Marriage James CULLEN + Anne Jones
1 Anne Jones

Co-parents-in-law

same generation no blood relationship

Gustavus has no co-parents-in-law recorded.

Partners

same generation no blood relationship

Gustavus has one female partner recorded.

Partner of Gustavus  (1)

1 Susannah CULLEN 17621796

Partner chains

same generation no blood relationship

Gustavus has no members of a partner chain recorded.

Siblings

same generation relationship coefficient: 50.0% (Full siblings)

Gustavus has no siblings recorded.

Siblings-in-law

same generation no blood relationship

Gustavus has no siblings-in-law recorded.

Co-siblings-in-law

same generation no blood relationship

Gustavus has no co-siblings-in-law recorded.

Cousins

same generation relationship coefficient: 12.5% (Children of full siblings of biological parents)

Gustavus has no first cousins recorded.

Nephews and Nieces

generation -1 relationship coefficient: 25.0% (Children of full siblings)

Gustavus has no nephews or nieces recorded.

Children

generation -1 relationship coefficient: 50.0% (Biological children)

Gustavus has one daughter recorded.

Biological children (1)

Parents Gustavus VASSA + Susannah CULLEN
1 Joanna VASSA 17951857

Children-in-law

generation -1 no blood relationship

Gustavus has no children-in-law recorded.

Grandchildren

generation -2 relationship coefficient: 25.0% (Biological grandchildren)

Gustavus has no grandchildren recorded.

Grandchildren-in-law

generation -2 no blood relationship

Gustavus has no grandchildren-in-law recorded.

Summary for the shown extended family

The extended family of Gustavus has 4 members (including Gustavus). (additional members of the partner chains are not counted)

Great-grandparents

generation +3 relationship coefficient: 12.5% (Biological great-grandparents)

Gustavus has no great-grandparents recorded.

Grandparents

generation +2 relationship coefficient: 25.0% (Biological grandparents)

Gustavus has no grandparents recorded.

Uncles and Aunts

generation +1 relationship coefficient: 25.0% (Full siblings of biological parents)

Gustavus has no uncles or aunts recorded.

Uncles and Aunts by marriage

generation +1 no blood relationship

Gustavus has no uncles or aunts by marriage recorded.

Parents

generation +1 relationship coefficient: 50.0% (Biological parents)

Gustavus has no parents recorded.

Parents-in-law

generation +1 no blood relationship

Gustavus has no parents-in-law recorded.

Co-parents-in-law

same generation no blood relationship

Gustavus has no co-parents-in-law recorded.

Partners

same generation no blood relationship

Gustavus has no partners recorded.

Partner chains

same generation no blood relationship

Gustavus has no members of a partner chain recorded.

Siblings

same generation relationship coefficient: 50.0% (Full siblings)

Gustavus has no siblings recorded.

Siblings-in-law

same generation no blood relationship

Gustavus has no siblings-in-law recorded.

Co-siblings-in-law

same generation no blood relationship

Gustavus has no co-siblings-in-law recorded.

Cousins

same generation relationship coefficient: 12.5% (Children of full siblings of biological parents)

Gustavus has no first cousins recorded.

Nephews and Nieces

generation -1 relationship coefficient: 25.0% (Children of full siblings)

Gustavus has no nephews or nieces recorded.

Children

generation -1 relationship coefficient: 50.0% (Biological children)

Gustavus has one child of unknown sex recorded.

Biological children (1)

Parents Gustavus VASSA + Susannah CULLEN
1 Anna Maria VASSA 17931797

Children-in-law

generation -1 no blood relationship

Gustavus has no children-in-law recorded.

Grandchildren

generation -2 relationship coefficient: 25.0% (Biological grandchildren)

Gustavus has no grandchildren recorded.

Grandchildren-in-law

generation -2 no blood relationship

Gustavus has no grandchildren-in-law recorded.

Summary for the shown extended family

The extended family of Gustavus has 2 members (including Gustavus). (additional members of the partner chains are not counted)

No family available

Great-grandparents

generation +3 relationship coefficient: 12.5% (Biological great-grandparents)

Gustavus has no great-grandparents recorded.

Grandparents

generation +2 relationship coefficient: 25.0% (Biological grandparents)

Gustavus has no grandparents recorded.

Uncles and Aunts

generation +1 relationship coefficient: 25.0% (Full siblings of biological parents)

Gustavus has no uncles or aunts recorded.

Uncles and Aunts by marriage

generation +1 no blood relationship

Gustavus has no uncles or aunts by marriage recorded.

Parents

generation +1 relationship coefficient: 50.0% (Biological parents)

Gustavus has no parents recorded.

Parents-in-law

generation +1 no blood relationship

Gustavus has 1 father-in-law and 1 mother-in-law recorded (2 in total).

Marriage with Susannah CULLEN  (2)

Marriage James CULLEN + Anne Jones
1 James CULLEN
2 Anne Jones

Co-parents-in-law

same generation no blood relationship

Gustavus has no co-parents-in-law recorded.

Partners

same generation no blood relationship

Gustavus has one female partner recorded.

Partner of Gustavus  (1)

1 Susannah CULLEN 17621796

Partner chains

same generation no blood relationship

Gustavus has no members of a partner chain recorded.

Siblings

same generation relationship coefficient: 50.0% (Full siblings)

Gustavus has no siblings recorded.

Siblings-in-law

same generation no blood relationship

Gustavus has no siblings-in-law recorded.

Co-siblings-in-law

same generation no blood relationship

Gustavus has no co-siblings-in-law recorded.

Cousins

same generation relationship coefficient: 12.5% (Children of full siblings of biological parents)

Gustavus has no first cousins recorded.

Nephews and Nieces

generation -1 relationship coefficient: 25.0% (Children of full siblings)

Gustavus has no nephews or nieces recorded.

Children

generation -1 relationship coefficient: 50.0% (Biological children)

Gustavus has 1 daughter and 1 child of unknown sex recorded (2 in total).

Biological children (2)

Parents Gustavus VASSA + Susannah CULLEN
1 Joanna VASSA 17951857
2 Anna Maria VASSA 17931797

Children-in-law

generation -1 no blood relationship

Gustavus has one son-in-law recorded.

Partners of biological children (1)

Daughter Joanna VASSA
1 Rev. Henry BROMLEY 17971878

Grandchildren

generation -2 relationship coefficient: 25.0% (Biological grandchildren)

Gustavus has no grandchildren recorded.

Grandchildren-in-law

generation -2 no blood relationship

Gustavus has no grandchildren-in-law recorded.

Summary for the shown extended family

The extended family of Gustavus has 7 members (including Gustavus). (additional members of the partner chains are not counted)

No family available

Great-grandparents

generation +3 relationship coefficient: 12.5% (Biological great-grandparents)

Gustavus has no great-grandparents recorded.

Grandparents

generation +2 relationship coefficient: 25.0% (Biological grandparents)

Gustavus has no grandparents recorded.

Uncles and Aunts

generation +1 relationship coefficient: 25.0% (Full siblings of biological parents)

Gustavus has no uncles or aunts recorded.

Uncles and Aunts by marriage

generation +1 no blood relationship

Gustavus has no uncles or aunts by marriage recorded.

Parents

generation +1 relationship coefficient: 50.0% (Biological parents)

Gustavus has no parents recorded.

Parents-in-law

generation +1 no blood relationship

Gustavus has one father-in-law recorded.

Marriage with Susannah CULLEN  (1)

Marriage James CULLEN + Anne Jones
1 James CULLEN

Co-parents-in-law

same generation no blood relationship

Gustavus has no co-parents-in-law recorded.

Partners

same generation no blood relationship

Gustavus has no partners recorded.

Partner chains

same generation no blood relationship

Gustavus has no members of a partner chain recorded.

Siblings

same generation relationship coefficient: 50.0% (Full siblings)

Gustavus has no siblings recorded.

Siblings-in-law

same generation no blood relationship

Gustavus has no siblings-in-law recorded.

Co-siblings-in-law

same generation no blood relationship

Gustavus has no co-siblings-in-law recorded.

Cousins

same generation relationship coefficient: 12.5% (Children of full siblings of biological parents)

Gustavus has no first cousins recorded.

Nephews and Nieces

generation -1 relationship coefficient: 25.0% (Children of full siblings)

Gustavus has no nephews or nieces recorded.

Children

generation -1 relationship coefficient: 50.0% (Biological children)

Gustavus has no children recorded.

Children-in-law

generation -1 no blood relationship

Gustavus has one son-in-law recorded.

Partners of biological children (1)

Daughter Joanna VASSA
1 Rev. Henry BROMLEY 17971878

Grandchildren

generation -2 relationship coefficient: 25.0% (Biological grandchildren)

Gustavus has no grandchildren recorded.

Grandchildren-in-law

generation -2 no blood relationship

Gustavus has no grandchildren-in-law recorded.

Summary for the shown extended family

The extended family of Gustavus has 3 members (including Gustavus). (additional members of the partner chains are not counted)

No family available

Great-grandparents

generation +3 relationship coefficient: 12.5% (Biological great-grandparents)

Gustavus has no great-grandparents recorded.

Grandparents

generation +2 relationship coefficient: 25.0% (Biological grandparents)

Gustavus has no grandparents recorded.

Uncles and Aunts

generation +1 relationship coefficient: 25.0% (Full siblings of biological parents)

Gustavus has no uncles or aunts recorded.

Uncles and Aunts by marriage

generation +1 no blood relationship

Gustavus has no uncles or aunts by marriage recorded.

Parents

generation +1 relationship coefficient: 50.0% (Biological parents)

Gustavus has no parents recorded.

Parents-in-law

generation +1 no blood relationship

Gustavus has one mother-in-law recorded.

Marriage with Susannah CULLEN  (1)

Marriage James CULLEN + Anne Jones
1 Anne Jones

Co-parents-in-law

same generation no blood relationship

Gustavus has no co-parents-in-law recorded.

Partners

same generation no blood relationship

Gustavus has one female partner recorded.

Partner of Gustavus  (1)

1 Susannah CULLEN 17621796

Partner chains

same generation no blood relationship

Gustavus has no members of a partner chain recorded.

Siblings

same generation relationship coefficient: 50.0% (Full siblings)

Gustavus has no siblings recorded.

Siblings-in-law

same generation no blood relationship

Gustavus has no siblings-in-law recorded.

Co-siblings-in-law

same generation no blood relationship

Gustavus has no co-siblings-in-law recorded.

Cousins

same generation relationship coefficient: 12.5% (Children of full siblings of biological parents)

Gustavus has no first cousins recorded.

Nephews and Nieces

generation -1 relationship coefficient: 25.0% (Children of full siblings)

Gustavus has no nephews or nieces recorded.

Children

generation -1 relationship coefficient: 50.0% (Biological children)

Gustavus has one daughter recorded.

Biological children (1)

Parents Gustavus VASSA + Susannah CULLEN
1 Joanna VASSA 17951857

Children-in-law

generation -1 no blood relationship

Gustavus has no children-in-law recorded.

Grandchildren

generation -2 relationship coefficient: 25.0% (Biological grandchildren)

Gustavus has no grandchildren recorded.

Grandchildren-in-law

generation -2 no blood relationship

Gustavus has no grandchildren-in-law recorded.

Summary for the shown extended family

The extended family of Gustavus has 4 members (including Gustavus). (additional members of the partner chains are not counted)

No family available

Great-grandparents

generation +3 relationship coefficient: 12.5% (Biological great-grandparents)

Gustavus has no great-grandparents recorded.

Grandparents

generation +2 relationship coefficient: 25.0% (Biological grandparents)

Gustavus has no grandparents recorded.

Uncles and Aunts

generation +1 relationship coefficient: 25.0% (Full siblings of biological parents)

Gustavus has no uncles or aunts recorded.

Uncles and Aunts by marriage

generation +1 no blood relationship

Gustavus has no uncles or aunts by marriage recorded.

Parents

generation +1 relationship coefficient: 50.0% (Biological parents)

Gustavus has no parents recorded.

Parents-in-law

generation +1 no blood relationship

Gustavus has no parents-in-law recorded.

Co-parents-in-law

same generation no blood relationship

Gustavus has no co-parents-in-law recorded.

Partners

same generation no blood relationship

Gustavus has no partners recorded.

Partner chains

same generation no blood relationship

Gustavus has no members of a partner chain recorded.

Siblings

same generation relationship coefficient: 50.0% (Full siblings)

Gustavus has no siblings recorded.

Siblings-in-law

same generation no blood relationship

Gustavus has no siblings-in-law recorded.

Co-siblings-in-law

same generation no blood relationship

Gustavus has no co-siblings-in-law recorded.

Cousins

same generation relationship coefficient: 12.5% (Children of full siblings of biological parents)

Gustavus has no first cousins recorded.

Nephews and Nieces

generation -1 relationship coefficient: 25.0% (Children of full siblings)

Gustavus has no nephews or nieces recorded.

Children

generation -1 relationship coefficient: 50.0% (Biological children)

Gustavus has one child of unknown sex recorded.

Biological children (1)

Parents Gustavus VASSA + Susannah CULLEN
1 Anna Maria VASSA 17931797

Children-in-law

generation -1 no blood relationship

Gustavus has no children-in-law recorded.

Grandchildren

generation -2 relationship coefficient: 25.0% (Biological grandchildren)

Gustavus has no grandchildren recorded.

Grandchildren-in-law

generation -2 no blood relationship

Gustavus has no grandchildren-in-law recorded.

Summary for the shown extended family

The extended family of Gustavus has 2 members (including Gustavus). (additional members of the partner chains are not counted)

Descendants of Gustavus VASSA

  1. Generation 1
    1. Jacob Olaudah Equiano 2

      Gustavus VASSA, explorer ,writer, merchant, abolitionist, was born in 1745 in Essaka, Eboe, Benin, Edo State, Nigeria and died on March 31, 1797 in Paddington Street, Middlesex, United Kingdom at the age of 52.

      He married Susannah CULLEN, daughter of James CULLEN and Anne Jones, on April 7, 1792 in Soham, Cambridge, England. She was born on January 17, 1762 in Fordham, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom and died on February 21, 1796 in Soham, Cambridgeshire, England, United Kingdom at the age of 34.

      Children of Gustavus VASSA and Susannah CULLEN:

      1. Joanna VASSA (17951857) - follow 2.1
      2. Anna Maria VASSA (17931797)
  2. Generation 2 back to top
    1. Joanna Vassa monument Abney Park 2007

      Joanna VASSA, daughter of Gustavus VASSA and Susannah CULLEN, was born on February 3, 1795 and died on July 17, 1857 at the age of 62.

      She married Rev. Henry BROMLEY. He was born in 1797 and died in 1878 in North London, United Kingdom at the age of 81.

Ancestors of Gustavus VASSA

  1. Generation 1
    1. Jacob Olaudah Equiano 2

      Gustavus VASSA, explorer ,writer, merchant, abolitionist, was born in 1745 in Essaka, Eboe, Benin, Edo State, Nigeria and died on March 31, 1797 in Paddington Street, Middlesex, United Kingdom at the age of 52.

fancy-imagebar
Maria Anthony Adaorah NWAZOTA (1957–2002) Daniel NJOKU (–2015) His Royal Highness Igwe Dr. Kenneth Onyeneke ORIZU III (1925–) Anna Maria VASSA (1793–1797) Chief Dr. Samuel Oranu (1937–2019) Mathew Obianumba EZENAGU (1939–2019) Theresa Azuka Okonkwo (1947–2020) Alphonsus Nnawugwu Onyegbule Ariguzo (1922–2022) Anthony Nonso Egbochukwu (1978–2020) Chief Benjamin Nnamdi AZIKIWE (1904–1996) Chisom Jane OKEREKE (1989–2017) Ngozi Bridget Igwebuike (1944–2019) Dr. Michael Anyaegbunam NDIGWE KSM (1934–2009) Charles Ogbu-wa-Chima (1986–) Grace Lebechi ONWUDIKE (1952–2017) Somtochukwu Augustine ONWUTALOBI (1989–2010) His Royal Highness Igwe Dr. Kenneth Onyeneke ORIZU III (1925–) Chimamanda Ngozi ADICHIE (1977–) Chukwu Ebuka Francis EJIOFOR (1989–2017) Kingsley Mathew ESSIEN (2000–2017) His Royal Highness Igwe Dr. Kenneth Onyeneke ORIZU III (1925–) Margaret EKPO (1914–2006) Kenneth OKONKWO (1968–) Chimamanda Ngozi ADICHIE (1977–) Cyprian EKWENSI (1921–2007)